Leukemia

Atun Halimah is my friend whom i knew from cyber. She works as the barber. Someday, she told me that she would go to Papua. Why do you wanna go there? vacation? I asked her. She answered that she wanted to go there just for search “Buah Merah” or Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus lam). She said that red fruit for Leukemia therapy. Then, I asked her, who gets leukemia. She answered that her family gets leukemia grade 4^th.

So what is Leukemia? Leukemia is malignant disease of blood. It starts from bone marrow where the blood cell produced. There are three main blood cell-types: Red cells (erythrocyte), platelets (trombocyte) and white cells (leucocyte). The major types of white blood cells are granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes, which are part of the body's immune system and help to fight to infection. Leukemia is characterized by the uncontrolled accumulation of leucocyte. The white cell undergoes a leukemic change and it multiplies into many cells. The white cells grow and survive better than normal cells and they crowd out normal cells. Most leucocyte wich produced by bone marrow are immature in leukemia case.

Leukemia is the general term used to describe four different disease-types called:

1. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
2. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
3. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
4. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Leukemia is the general term used to describe four grades.

1. grade 1: local not invasive
2. grade 2: local invasive
3. grade 3: invasive and organ disorder function
4. grade 4: complicated organ malfunction

What is Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

- increased abnormal granulocyte in less 3 weeks (acute).

- (pansitopenia) trombocyte and erythrocyte are dropt caused leucocyte activities.

- Most in adult

What is Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia?

- increased abnormal Lymphocyte in less 3 weeks acute

- most in children

- also adult upper 65 years old

What is Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia?

- increased abnormal leucocyte, specially granulocyte more 3 weeks (chronic)

- most in adult

- there’s no pansitopenia caused bone marrow has compensated.

What is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

- most in children

- increased abnormal leucocyte, specially lymphocyte more 3 weeks (chronic)

What are signs and symptoms of leukemia?

1. Acute

- tired, lethargy, breathe short/dyspneu (compensation caused anemia)

- pale skin with blue spots on skin

- mild fever

- night sweat

- Aches in bones and joints

- Prolonged bleeding caused tombocytopenia

- Abdominal pain

2. Chronic

- less symptom and sign

- sometimes found splenomegaly

Diagnosis

1. Anamnesis
2. Need blood test counting and bone marrow punction (aspiration and biopsy) A bone marrow aspiration shows the cell-type and certain abnormalities by looking at proteins on the cell's surface.

How treat Leukemia?

1. Acute, start use chemotherapy.

There are two chemotherapy, induction (kill as many AML cells as possible and get blood cell counts back to normal over time), remission and consolidation.

Important!!! Just Doctor in Hospital do it!!!!!!

2. Transplant organ is needed if very urgent. Its considered because transplant organs makes late effect. Transplant organ also makes incompatibilty immune. If it happened in early, patient could die.
3. Sometime treatment in adult same with children, caused their condition.
4. Traditional therapy can used. Attention!!!! Don't try if it has not been researched by scientist
5. Drugs for AML but still under study

- tipifarnib (Zarnestra®) or lonafarnib

- bortezomib (Velcade®)

- cyclosporine A or PSC-833

- (Genasense®, GTI-2040)

- decitabine (Dacogen®)

- depsipeptide.

Factor risks

- radiation

- genetic from parents who get radiation

- tobacco smoke

- benzene

Don’t worry if you get Leukemia!!!! Keep try to heal, and Just God Safes You

reference: www.medicine.net